Celebrated Voices: Toba

Organ Theater. Observed Voices was coordinated by Co-chiefs Doris Hudson De Trujillo, Nicole Ortega and Monica Campbell. I am going to discuss one of the moves in the exhibition, Toby. Toby was arranged by Wilson M. Dominique. It was performed by Dolan Brown, Molly Buffoons, Whitney Collins, Megan Cranny, Miriam Curtis, Baby Gibbs, Adam Jensen, Joshua Martinez, Delis Merrier, Kate Monsoon, Angela Nielsen, Leash Passel, and Jon Thomas.Wilson Dominique(Wilson, 2014) was conceived in Venezuela when his folks worked there. He moved back to Portugal when he was a youngster. He performed with Egalitarian Ballet , Lisbon, Portugal in Europe, essentially as a Soloist , for a long time. He was likewise welcomed to make works for the Vireo Dance Company and The Dance Project in Portugal. Wilson has educated at Brigham Young University, Utah Valley University and college of Utah. In December of 2012, as a full grant beneficiary at University of Utah, he graduated with the Master of Fine Arts de gree.In Toby, Wilson recollects his life in South America. He's considering how imperialism changed numerous unique clan's way of life and fate. Numerous societies had to change and vanished. In the start of the move, individuals In the Village were extremely glad and moving around. The setting of the stage Is a major background that is torn and torn. He utilized blue and red to differentiate the feeling, warm and cold, satisfaction and harmony. Artists performed how the town individuals make an incredible most in their conventional manner. The music was cheerful.The chipper voices sang long with the energizing drum beat and Ocarina. The town individuals were not rich. They wore worn garments and were shoeless yet they were celebrating cheerfully. Suddenly,the music changed. The stage light got dull. The tone of the music was dismal chiming in with the drums. Individuals battled In the town. At that point came the sound of thunder. The shade of the stage was dull and dark. Individua ls battled with the difference in way of life realized by the Colonialists. Artists communicated how little they can do and how they couldn't battle the change.In the finish of the move, The two part harmony artists appear to state † fare thee well. † They left the phase the other way to speak to they picked an alternate way throughout everyday life. Furthermore, nobody can oppose the change. They Just acknowledged the change. Toby was a delightful piece arranged by Wilson Demagogues. Wilson didn't make reference to which clan or which culture was languishing. He left the significance to the crowd and let us choose. By monotonically and University of Utah. In December of 2012, as a full grant beneficiary at compelled to change and disappeared.In the start of the move, individuals in the Village were exceptionally upbeat and moving around. The setting of the stage is a major back was dismal chiming in with the drums. Individuals battled in the town. At that point came how little they can do and how they couldn't battle the change. Toward the finish of the move, The two part harmony artists appear to state † fare thee well. † They left the phase the other way to speak to they picked an alternate way throughout everyday life. Furthermore, nobody can oppose the Toby was a lovely piece arranged by Wilson Dominique. Wilson

Analysis of Performance Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investigation of Performance Management - Term Paper Example As indicated by US office of faculty the board, â€Å"Performance the executives is the orderly procedure by which an office includes its workers, as people and individuals from a gathering, in improving authoritative adequacy in the achievement of organization strategic goals†(US office of staff the board). â€Å"Simply put, execution the board incorporates exercises to guarantee that objectives are reliably being met in a compelling and effective way. Execution the board can concentrate on the exhibition of the association, an office, procedures to construct an item or administration, representatives, etc† (Performance Management - Basic Concepts). Arranging, observing, creating, rating, and compensating are the five significant components of any exhibition the board framework. This paper examinations how an organization can utilize the presentation the board framework to great impact, by taking the American organization Macy’s for instance. (US office of work force the executives) As on account of numerous other authoritative capacities, arranging is the initial step of actualizing a powerful execution the board framework in an association. Toward the start of every year, the Macy’s directors regularly meet every representative by and by and talk about the procedures to improve their exhibitions. During this gathering, the administrators frequently take notes of the worker input and the define techniques to improve the individual exhibitions. Macy’s know the distinction in disposition and execution capacities of workers and focus on plan procedures appropriate for the people as opposed to gatherings. The Macy’s supervisors regularly illuminate the workers about the assumption about the administration about their presentation in the coming a year. Therefore, the representatives get a reasonable thought regarding what could possibly be done what are the desires for the administration about their exhibitions in the comi ng year a long time before they start works for the coming year. Macy’s workers can present their recommendations to improve their exhibitions during their gatherings with the directors. Audits are a basic part of the framework. Audits give opportune input to the person. It is essential to plan formal audits over the span of the year. These can be half-yearly or quarterly relying upon the need. Organized mid-term audits empower the association to check out the presentation during the given time frame. It offers the individual a chance to talk about his/her accomplishments during the given time frame and to take a gander at territories of progress. In a unique domain, it is critical to stay informed concerning market circumstances. Surveys can be used to make the midcourse adjustment (Does execution examination advantage anybody?) Monitoring is the second step of any exhibition the board framework.

New Feature - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

New Feature - UGA Undergraduate Admissions New Feature In case you did not notice, I have added a new feature to the Blog; Reactions. These are the checkboxes and words beneath each blog that allow you to evaluate the post without having to comment on it (similar to Facebooks Like/Unlike -thumbs up/thumbs down option, only with more detail). These are for the readers who want to make their feelings known, but would rather do it with a simple click of the mouse instead of writing a comment (although I still love it when you comment about my posts!). As well, this will help me know when my posts help, confuse, or clarify an issue. So go ahead and use the Reaction boxes at will!

Pros and Cons of Class Field Trips

Are field trips worth all the time and effort required to make them successful? Most teachers have asked themselves this question at one time or another, typically when feeling overwhelmed as they prepare for  a field trip. The truth is that field trips at any grade level can cause quite a few headaches for teachers. At the same time, well-planned field trips can provide students with truly educational experiences they cannot get in the confines of the classroom. Following is a look at the pros and cons of field trips. Benefits of Field Trips Field trips provide students with new opportunities for learning through experience: Information is presented to students in a way that meets different learning modalities.  Field trips provide students with the ability to learn by doing instead of just passively listening to the information being taught in class.  Students are exposed to  new experiences that, hopefully, broaden their horizons. This can be especially helpful for students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who may not have been exposed to these opportunities before.  Concepts that have already been learned in the classroom can be reinforced. Sometimes seeing information being taught in a new way can make a big difference in student comprehension. There is quite a difference between being taught about something like hurricanes and wind speed and experiencing them in an exhibit at a science museum.  Students are provided with shared reference points that teachers can then refer to and use in future lessons. There may be an opportunity to have two or more disciplines use a field trip as an e nrichment activity. For example, a trip to an art museum (art) may couple with a timeline for social studies (political systems in place when art was created) or math (measurements) can combine with science in a biosystem (river, beach, and meadow). In this manner, several teachers can then refer to things that students saw and experienced during the field trip for the remainder of the school year.  Students and teachers can see each other in a different light, helping to increase communication between them. Some students who might be overlooked in class because they are quiet might really come alive on field trips.  If parents are involved as chaperones, they can feel more connected to the teacher and the lessons being taught. They can get to know the teacher  better and understand what teachers deal with daily.Standards in social studies and science  require students to have experiences  related to concepts in the discipline. In social studies, students are required to t ake informed action.  In science, students need to be exposed to a series of concepts to help them to better understand the world around them. Field trips help teachers meet these objectives. Problems With Field Trips Teachers face a number of concerns and challenges when designing field trips that they need to recognize and address before planning a field trip. Field trips take preparation if teachers want to make them meaningful. They have to coordinate locations and transportation. They also need to create an effective lesson plan that they will follow when on the excursion.Students will be out of the school building for a field trip, which means they will miss other classes—at least in middle and high school. If each core subject area (ELA, math science, or social studies) offers one field trip during a school year, students would be out of the building for four days. School attendance policies may count these as excused absences, but any field trip that removes students from class reduces the number of classroom hours.  Field trips can be expensive, and some students may not have the funds to attend. Organizers of the field trip may consider asking for parents to add a few dollars to help students in need. School boosters may need to host a fundraiser for students to raise money for more expensive trips.Teachers have to organiz e the collection of money and the assigning of chaperones. Teachers need to spend some time creating student groups that work for all students and ensuring that chaperones are assigned accordingly.  Teachers will likely have to deal with red tape as they plan field trips including permission slips, medical information, and emergency procedures. Schools typically require paperwork from teachers and their students.  Students will be placed in a larger environment than the classroom. New surroundings could possibly lead to additional discipline problems. Because teachers typically only lead a small group (such as 30 to 40 students), they may not be able to maintain control over the behavior of every student on the field trip, especially if the group is large. Teachers should go over rules and expectations before the field trip, enforce the rules strictly while away from school grounds, and create effective consequences for misbehavior.  The field trip destination might not live u p to the teachers expectations. The location might not be as interesting as the teacher thought it would be. The time to complete the field trip might be considerably less than was expected. Therefore, it is a good idea to have some contingency plan in mind just in case.There may be students who, for one reason or another, will not attend the field trip. Teachers must leave lessons, usually enrichment offerings, that mirror some of the concepts being experienced on the field trip. Requesting Feedback One of the best ways to measure the success of a field trip (other than returning all students back to the school) is to ask for feedback. Teachers can post a survey for participants and for other chaperones asking them to express how they would evaluate the trip. Students should have the opportunity to reflect on the trip and write a response in a journal or essay. Requiring journal responses after the trip can solidify the information learned as students reflect on their new experiences.  Asking students to write a thank you to the school principal for allowing the trip may even smooth the path to additional field trips.   Many teachers feel that well-chosen field trip destinations are worth the difficulties they may create. The key is taking the time to plan each aspect as much as possible.  Teachers should be proactive when thinking about and planning field trips. Students, on the other hand, may remember the experience of the school field trip as a highlight of the school year, and the time they learned more than anything taught in class.

Essay on roman - 4127 Words

753BC Romulus found the city Rome. The Capitoline Wolf is a bronze sculpture of a she-wolf suckling twin infants, inspired by the legend of the founding of Rome. According to the legend, when Numitor, grandfather of the twins Romulus and Remus, was overthrown by his brother Amulius, the usurper ordered the twins to be cast into the Tiber River. They were rescued by a she-wolf who cared for them The Rape of the Sabine Women is an episode in the legendary history of Rome, traditionally dated to 750 BC, in which the first generation of Roman men acquired wives for themselves from the neighboring Sabine families. The English word rape is a conventional translation of Latin raptio, which in this context means abduction rather than its†¦show more content†¦Two annually elected consuls convened the senate and the curiate and centuriate assemblies. Initially the office was only open to patricians until the Lex Licinia opened it to Plebeian candidates in 367 BC. At the end of their annual term of service, Consuls would take the title Proconsul and generally serve as provincial governors The Senate directed the magistrates, especially the consuls, in their prosecution of military conflicts. The Senate also had an enormous degree of power over the civil government in Rome. This was especially the case with regards to its management of state finances, as only it could authorize the disbursal of public monies from the treasury. In addition, the Senate passed decrees called senatus consultum, which was officially advice from the Senate to a magistrate. While technically these decrees did not have to be obeyed, in practice, they usually were. During an emergency, the Senate (and only the Senate) could authorize the appointment of a dictator. The last ordinary dictator, however, was appointed in 202 BC. After 202 BC, the Senate responded to emergencies by passing the senatus consultum ultimum (Ultimate Decree of the Senate), which suspended civil government declared something analogous to martial law. Tribune ï ¼Ë†494BCï ¼â€°was a title shared by elected officials in the Roman Republic. Tribunes had the power to convene the Plebeian Council and to act as its president, which also gave them theShow MoreRelatedThe Roman And Roman Empire1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Empire, which was centered in the city of Rome, was the most extensive western civilization of ancient times. With its major advancements and prosperity it is hard to believe that the Roman Empire suddenly collapsed and fell into a time known as the Dark Ages. After a period of struggles for the Roman Empire, the empire gradually fell. Rome was the most successful civilization of its time. Its strategic location in the center of the Italian Peninsula and the fertile plains that supportedRead MoreThe Roman Of Roman Empire Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages The Roman scutum was a large body shield used in battles, sieges, and gladiator fights. The scutum was used from the early Roman Republic until the third century CE and helped to define many of the Roman battle tactics that made them so successful. The curved, semi-cylindrical design provided full-body protection and was especially used in the testudo formation during sieges. The Roman Scutum is a perfect example of the military genius of the Roman Legion. The Roman Empire was created from theRead MoreThe Roman And Roman Civilization1036 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman civilization isn’t a vague memory from the past, but is instead still present everywhere you look in Western civilization. It isn’t easy to ignore or miss the greatness that once was and still is from this grand empire. 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Underneath Rome’s floors lies a seeminglyRead MoreThe Roman And Roman History1542 Words   |  7 Pagesperiod that is known as the Roman Peace (Pax Romana), from his reign in 27 B.C to his death in 14 A.D. In Virgil’s character Anchises (As seen above), Augustus is portrayed to have brought to fruition a golden age in Roman history. His ability to turn Rome from the ravages of civil war into a prosperous empire was accomplished through the harnessing of his exceptional administrative powers. 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This essay goes over some of their culture and the great strides made throughout 753 BC to 27 BC and from 64 AD to 1453 A.D. I. Military The Roman military focused on teamwork and making their soldiers brave throughout their training. The Equitatus played a major role inRead MoreThe Classical Romans And The Roman Civilization1202 Words   |  5 PagesMarlee Bunker HIS-111-02 Mr. Shelton October 13, 2014 The Classical Romans There is a lot of background on the Classical Roman Civilization. They had many traditions and values that came from ancient Italians. The culture of the Romans was inclined by classical Greece. Many of the things that Romans did came from the Greeks. They were the type who did not like the idea of new things coming to place because they thought it may be dangerous. They wanted to keep the old traditions and values, asRead MoreAncient Romans And The Roman Empire1372 Words   |  6 Pages The Roman Empire was a very intelligent civilization, they were responsible for many astounding creations. They were very well-known because of their outstanding contributions to Architecture, like many immense buildings, canals, and entertainment centers, and several of them are still standing today. We can look around our modern cities and compare today’s architecture to that of the ancient Romans. The Roman civilization is known for its Imperial powers during the long reign in the ancient worldRead MoreAncient Roman And The Roman Empire1236 Words   |  5 Pagesengineering. The Roman Colosseum, constructed in 79 AD, is a visual representation of the importance of physical strength and military proficiency in Ancient Roman civilization, this is because it was constructed to revel Rome’s military accomplishments and to provide entertainment for Roman citizens. 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Cultural Analysis †Taiwan Free Essays

Abstract This paper is an analysis of culture within Taiwan. It will focus on how different cultural elements and dimensions effect and influence business in Taiwan. This paper will also look into the implications for businesses from the United States seeking to conduct business within Taiwan. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural Analysis – Taiwan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Taiwan has a unique blend of traditional Chinese cultural as well as modern Western influences. It is an open and welcoming culture and one that plays an important role in the East Asian economy. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Taiwan Introduction to Taiwan Taiwan is a small island country located off the east coast of China in Asia. Also known as the Republic of China (ROC), it is the place where the ROC settled after losing control of mainland China to the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Taiwan’s population is made up of mostly Han Chinese with a few other Chinese ethnic groups and a smaller number of aboriginal tribes. The official language spoken in Taiwan is Mandarin Chinese; however, about 70% of people in Taiwan speak both Mandarin and a dialect known as Taiwanese. Another dialect call Hakka is spoken by about 15% of the population and the aboriginals have several other dialects as well (Deaton Paxson, 2000). Taiwan has unique political status because of their strained relationship with China. At present, the PRC claims it has control over Taiwan and its territories, even though the PRC has never has exercised any governmental control over those regions. China has threatened to put political pressure on any country wanting to officially recognize Taiwan as a sovereign nation, which has led many countries, including the United States, to only recognize Taiwan in an unofficial capacity. These countries, while still doing business with Taiwan, are forced to only officially recognize China, thereby reducing Taiwan’s global influence (Friedberg, 2005). On the economic front, Taiwan has done very well in the past few years, experiencing rapid economic growth. It is commonly referred to as one of the East Asian Tigers, a group which includes Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. The countries in this group were relatively poor until around the 1960’s when they underwent educational reforms. These educational reforms, coupled with their cheap yet dynamic workforce helped industrialize their countries and spark rapid economic growth. â€Å"In the 21st century, all four regions have since graduated into advanced economies and high-income economies† (Vadra, 2010, p. 0). Although the economic growth rate in Taiwan has slowed recently, it remains at a relatively high, yet sustainable rate. What are the major elements and dimensions of culture in Taiwan? Taiwan, like almost every country, has many different elements and dimensions of culture woven together to form an intricate and unique society. These components of so ciety affect day to day life in both obvious and also unexpected ways. Taiwan has the same core grouping of cultural elements that one would think of affecting any country: communication, religion, ethics, moral values, social structure, and education. However, the main elements which control the actions of most individuals and society as a whole will differ from other countries. For Taiwan, education and religion along with social structure play the major roles in the shaping of Taiwanese culture. It will be found that the main, guiding cultural elements in Taiwan, such as their religions, the sources from which they get their values and attitudes, and also their feelings of responsibility, are especially different from the main cultural elements guiding most of the western world. 1. 2. Communication Communication plays a major role in any functioning society. The way people communication and interpret the communications of others can drastically shape the actions of a society. Communication within a culture can usually be defined as either low context or high context. In low context cultures, â€Å"cultural behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave† (Satterlee, 2009). On the other hand, in high context cultures, â€Å"as a result of years of interaction with each other, many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit, because most members know what to do and what to think† (Satterlee, 2009). Communication within Taiwan is high context, with more nonverbal forms of communication used than in low context countries, such as the United States or United Kingdom. Even the official spoken language of Taiwan, Mandarin Chinese, is a high context language (Hall, 2000). High context communication. High context communication implies that â€Å"there is less verbally detailed communication and less written/formal information. Instead, there is a more subliminal understanding of what is communicated† (Kuo-Ying Majtaba, 2010). Duties and responsibilities are frequently assumed or subtly implied rather than directly assigned or commanded. Elements of communication in high context cultures such as Taiwan include indirect and embellished verbal messages, avoidance of directly challenging another person’s opinions, and situational changes. Also, an importance is placed on personal face-to-face interaction. Nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication plays a large role in the communication process in high context countries like Taiwan. Elements, such as facial expression, eye movement, the tone of voice, gestures, and body language are all important parts of communication within Taiwanese culture. Religious beliefs Taiwan has a large population of people practicing eastern religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and small bits of Confucianism, as well as a small but growing Christian and Catholic population (Chou, Chen, 2005). It is also common for individuals to do some mixing of religions to accommodate their personal ideas or desires. Most religions in Taiwan incorporate ancestral worship, which is a large part of the religious practices in Taiwan. Ancestral worship even affects national holidays within Taiwan. Ancestral worship in Taiwan. Ancestral worship is a religious act born from the belief that an individual’s ancestors have a continued existence after death and that these spirits of deceased family members have the ability to influence things in the physical world. Ancestral worship is practiced by some out of respect and honor for their ancestral heritage. For others, however, it is practiced more out of fear of upsetting spirits that may possibly influence the individual’s fortune on earth. In Taiwan, several national holidays are focused around ancestral worship practices. Among these holidays is Tomb Sweeping Day, a holiday where families visit the graves of their ancestors to attend to their burial place as well as pay homage. Another holiday which sprang from the traditions of ancestor worship is Ghost Festival, which is a time where people place food outside their homes to feed wandering spirits. Chinese New Year also has its roots in the traditions of ancestor worship and is a time often used by families to pay their respects to their ancestors (Newell, 1976). The role of Buddhism in Taiwan. Buddhism and Taoism are the two foremost religions practiced in Taiwan. Combined, they are practiced by more than 75% of the religious population in Taiwan (USDS, 2008). Although Buddhism teaches the putting aside of earthly ties and possessions, including family, influences from both Taoism and Confucianism and integrated some forms of ancestral worship into practiced Buddhism within Taiwan. The role of Taoism in Taiwan. Taoism and Buddhism together are the two largest religions in Taiwan. The beginning of the Taoist religion came from the early Chinese nature worshipers. Taoist beliefs center on the idea that all things have a natural order and that through obtaining harmony with nature one can obtain eternal life. These beliefs add to the non-confrontational aspects of Taiwan’s high context culture. The role of Confucianism in Taiwan Confucianism, though practiced in Taiwan by lesser numbers than Taoism or Buddhism, is to many â€Å"an honored school of thought and ethical code† (USDS, 2008). Very similar to Taoism, Confucianism has more of a focus on performing well within society and also ritualistic ancestor worship. The Role of Christianity in Taiwan. Christian churches have been active in Taiwan for many years, and today, the population includes a small but significant percentage of Christians† (USDS, 2008). Both Catholic and Mormon churches are set up in Taiwan, but their numbers are much smaller. A majority of the aboriginal population in Taiwan are Christian. Ethical practices Ethical standards are often tied very closely to the culture in which they are practiced. According to Stedham, Yamanura, and Lai in an article examining Japanese and Taiwanese ethics: â€Å"ethics cannot be understood independent of the local cultural fabric† (2008). Taiwanese tend to be very utilitarian representing â€Å"a collectivist culture that tends to be more homogeneous and has a greater group orientation† (Muk, 2007). Therefore, ethical decisions made by Taiwanese people are likely to focus on the wellbeing of their social group. Values and attitudes â€Å"Values are invisible and a ‘core element of culture’. These invisible values become evident in behavior. Decision making and the resulting actions and behavior are manifestations of the predominant values in a culture† (Stedham et al. , 2008). In Taiwan, many of the values center around the individual’s social groups, most notably, the family. Saving face is another factor which often influences and motivates decision making within the Taiwanese culture. The concept of face is â€Å"related to the preference for harmony and avoidance of conflict. One aspect of face is concerned with a person’s moral character which can only be earned by fulfilling one’s obligation to others† (Stedham et al. , 2008). Face also includes â€Å"one’s reputation or prestige which can be earned through accomplishments or through bureaucratic or political power† (Stedham et al. 2008). Great lengths will be taken to avoid situations which might cause damage or embarrassment for one’s self or other resulting in a loss of face. Another factor affecting Taiwanese cultural attitudes is the concept of guanxi, which literally translated means relationship. Having a good reputation and relations on both a personal and professional level is very important to Taiwanese people. Attitudes toward gender within Taiwanese society. Gender, though in the process of equalizing, still plays an important role within Taiwanese society. Research indicates that women in Taiwan’s job market â€Å"suffer lower earnings than men as job opportunities are not made available to them due to the labor market discrimination, family responsibilities, or lack of job mobility† (Bishop, Gronder, Liu, Chiou, 2007). However, due to the fact that Taiwan’s industry is constantly growing, with more jobs in the labor market being filled with female workers, discrimination against females in both hiring and compensation is effectively diminishing over time (Bishop et al. , 2007). Generational differences. Younger generations tend to follow the religious or ethical guidelines set by their predecessors more out of tradition than true belief. Therefore, there is some movement away from previously accepted religious thoughts and ideas within the younger generations in Taiwan. Recent research indicates that â€Å"young Chinese people seem not to identify themselves with traditional Chinese values and Confucian ethics. Maybe it is the result of conflict between Eastern and Western cultures. However, traditional thoughts still significantly influence most people in Chinese ocieties† (Lin Ho, 2009). Social structures Social structures are very important in Taiwan because the culture is quite Unitarian in its design. One of the largest and most central social structures in Taiwan is family and filial piety. Religion, because of its widespread acceptance, is also a major social structure in Taiwan. Another important social structure is politics with many people in Taiwan voicing their o pinions on political matters, especially those matters dealing with mainland China. Military service also has bearing within society, and is an inevitable part of young men’s lives in Taiwan due to the fact that military service is compulsory. The importance of filial piety. Especially popular in Confucian households, filial piety is, along with brotherly love, considered the ‘roots’ of humanity. It is believed that the way perfect virtue and human perfection will become evident as an individual shows care and respect for these ‘roots’ of humanity (Ruiping, 2006). This belief translates into strong familial ties within the Taiwanese culture, as well as deep feelings of responsibility to one’s family. The cultural effects of politics. A Datamonitor country profile of Taiwan stated: â€Å"the issue of reunification with mainland China continues to dominate domestic politics and international relations. With both the People’s Republic of China (the mainland) and the Republic of China (Taiwan) claiming to be the legitimate authority over Taiwanese land, frequent tensions between the two are common† (2010). Within Taiwan, the debate over international policy with China is ongoing, with some in favor of increasing ties with the mainland and others advocating more independence for Taiwan. Another aspect of the strained relationship between Taiwan and China is the fact that China has greater influence in the global arena and has therefore been able to stop Taiwan’s efforts in seeking to gain global recognition as a sovereign national by the United Nations. China has also threatened severing diplomatic standings with any country to officially recognize Taiwan as its own nation. Therefore, many countries, including the United States maintain unofficial diplomatic ties with Taiwan, keeping their official diplomatic status with China intact. Mandatory military service. It is written into Taiwanese law that males between the ages of 18 and 22 are eligible for selective compulsory military service. Service duration is 12 months. Males students seeking higher education can obtain deferments, were they have several years to complete their education before serving their time in the military. Also, any citizen between the ages of 19 and 36 are considered eligible for drafting into the Taiwan military (USDS, 2008). Education Education is a very important part of Taiwanese society. Because of the high population density in Taiwan, there are high levels of competition for spots in top universities as well as positions in the job market. Academic excellence is so emphasized by parents that it often creates stress for students, who feel pressured to be the best. Emphases on education. Even though Taiwan’s laws mandate education through the ninth grade, approximately 95% of students go on to some form of higher education. Many parents see education as the best way to advance their children’s future. Taiwan also has a large number of cram schools for subjects ranging from math and English to sports. Students will often spend several hours after the normal school day or on weekends getting extra tutoring and study at cram schools. High stress levels in education faced by students. According to statistical analysis by Cheng Kai-Wen, some of the biggest contributors to stress for Taiwanese college students include fear of inferiority, excessively high expectations from parents, anxiety about the future, and lack of sleep (2009). Many parents believe that a better life can be achieved through academic excellence and therefore push their children to perform well in school. This mind set from parents can lead to children who feel guilt or shame when they are not performing up to expectations. Though Taiwan has not seen the high rates of student suicide that its Asian neighbor South Korea has experienced, it is not unheard of for students to take their own life after poor test performances. Higher education. Higher education is popular in Taiwan and, due to an increasing number of universities, greater numbers of students are able to attend under-graduate and graduate schools. How are these elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in Taiwan? Successful businesses will understand the culture they are operating within and seek to incorporate elements of that culture into their policies and practices in order to be more appealing to their target markets. Therefore, many elements of culture will automatically be integrated into locals’ businesses. In Taiwan, cultural elements such as religion, education, and attitudes are sown into the fabric of local businesses. This section will examine how elements such as religion, education, and ethics are taken from the surrounding culture and integrated into local businesses within Taiwan. 1. 2. 3. Religion in local business Research done on the affects of religion in business negotiation styles indicated that the principles of Buddhism as well as Confucianism can have an effect on the business making decision made by Taiwanese (Farazmand, Tu, Daneefard, 2011). Business decision made will take into account the good of the group over the good of the individual. Also, because of the high religious population, there is a large market for items used in religious practices such as incense burners, paper money, good luck charms, prayer beads, and religious ornaments. Education and its effects on business With increasing levels of education in Taiwan has come increased competition for better and higher paying jobs. This increased competition has led to a rapid growth in the number of people obtaining higher education degrees, such as masters or doctorate degrees (Wang, 2003). Taiwan’s economy is very open to small business owners, which gives those with the education and desire to start their own business a welcoming and available environment. Business ethics and attitudes In Taiwan it is believed that â€Å"ethical standards and moral conduct must come from within business people† (Cavico, Majtaba,Venezia, Venezia, (2011). Many ethical standards and cultural attitudes in Taiwan are rooted in their religious beliefs, especially the teachings of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism. Taiwanese businesses incorporate these standards of hard work, and family responsibility. Often, the unwritten cultural norms are relied upon to govern the decisions of employees. Also, the concept of corporate social responsibility is gain more popularity in Taiwan, with more people calling for corporations to operate in a more honest and open manner (Ip, 2007). Generational differences. As the new generations shift away from the traditional religious practices and beliefs held by previous generations there is also a shift in moral and ethical standards. Thought possibly to be a result of the increasing embracement of Western culture, this shift in viewpoint within Taiwan could actually be beneficial for American businesses within Taiwan due to the fact that the younger generations are moving more towards Western values and ideas. After researching moral cognizance in both the United States and Taiwan, Cavico et al. ecommended a stronger push not only for business ethics education, but for the incorporation of teaching ethics into every aspect of education (2011). How do these factors compare with culture and business within the United States? The differences between high context and low context cultures include communication differences, relational differences, as well as religious and educational differences. Research has shown that there is a â€Å"significant di fference between Taiwan and America in individualism/collectivism attitude† (Jung-Tsung, 2010). Communicational differences Communication differences between the United States and Taiwan involve so much more than a simple difference of spoken languages. There is a completely different style of communicating with different backgrounds of understanding as well as different personal beliefs and goals. Businesses in the United States operate within a low context culture whereas businesses in Taiwan operate within a high context culture. To cross this barrier will require American businesses to have an understanding of high context communication and managers that are capable of working within a high context environment. Comparing high context and low context cultures. â€Å"High context communication tends to be more indirect, ambiguous, and understated than low context communication, which is direct and precise, and expresses feelings and intentions rather open† (Usunier, Roulin, 2010). Therefore, business communication may contain more implied concepts in Taiwan than business communication in the United States. Religion in the workplace The United States approach to dealing with religion in the workplace has been one of suppressing outward signs and discussion of religion so as to avoid any potential conflict which may arise. Taiwan tends to be more accepting of displays of religion, probably due to their focus on group harmony. Many prominent businessmen in Taiwan are very open about their religious affiliations, making charitable donations in the name of their religion (Hoh, 2002). Religious discussion is allowed and sometime encouraged, but when issues become uncomfortable or divisive it is ignored or avoided. Education emphasis in the US compared to in Taiwan In Taiwan, there is an emphasis put on education by parents and also businesses looking to hire new employees. In fact, education is emphasized so heavily that â€Å"attendance at  cram  schools  is an experience that the majority of Taiwanese have while growing up† (Liu, 2012). This causes individuals to seek higher education such as graduate degrees or doctorates in order to obtain highly contended, higher level jobs. Social Structures One of the main differences between Taiwanese social structures and those in the United States is the strong family connection maintained by the Taiwanese people. While Americans still view family as an important group in society, the feelings of filial piety in the United States are not as deep and motivating as they are in Taiwan. Also, religion, while still a factor in American culture is not as prevalent to the culture as it is in Taiwan. What are the implications for US businesses that wish to conduct business in Taiwan? Businesses seeking to conduct business within Taiwan should have a clear and complete understanding of how business is done in Taiwan. Not only should they learn laws and regulations which will be relevant to their desired business, but they must also study the culture to understand the people and what motivates and inspires them. Businesses from the United States who are studying the culture of Taiwan will discover important differences between American and Taiwanese ways of doing business. They will then need to incorporate policy which will successfully blend the needs and goals of their business with the needs and goals of the Taiwanese culture. Possible miscommunication Whenever companies conduct business in a foreign country, language must be taken into account. The Taiwan’s national language is Mandarin Chinese, with some of the population speaking Hakka along with some aboriginal dialects. There has been a strong push recently to learn English in Taiwan, with English classes being mandatory in school and a large number of English cram schools open for further training. Even so, the English level may be quite low, so American businesses seeking business opportunities in Taiwan should have interpreters who have a complete knowledge of both languages. An understanding of the culture is also important when communicating and research on cultural do’s and don’ts should be conducted before initiating communication to avoid confusion and unintentional offense. For example, it is offensive in Taiwanese culture to give a clock or watch to someone as a gift because it symbolizes the termination of the relationship. A full understanding of the culture will help businesses from the United States in forming good relationships and create good guanxi for their company in Taiwan (Stedham et al. , 2008). Accommodating religious freedom It is important for American businesses to understand and facilitate the different religious practices in Taiwan. As simple as insuring employees have adequate time off for important religious holidays and not requiring them to break their religious convictions, such as vegetarianism, respecting and accommodating the religious beliefs of the Taiwanese will help to insure the success of a prospective business there. The cultural element of avoiding conflict will help to make sure no religious discrimination or fighting will take place so businesses need not worry about that aspect as much as they do in America. Ethical policies Businesses from the United States with operations in Taiwan should have ethics policies that are written with the Taiwanese culture in mind. They should remember that, often times, there is no need to spell everything out specifically. With the concept of corporate social responsibility become more prevalent in Taiwan, it will be important for American business to highlight appropriate social involvement (Ip, 2007). Understand employee’s family focus. One aspect that businesses can encourage their employees to focus on is family. This will demonstrate the company’s commitment to one of Taiwan’s most important social structures, the family. The encouragement and facilitation of strong family ties will go a long way to establish a favorable public image for foreign companies operating within Taiwan. Effects of current political environment Taiwan’s economy is currently independent of China; however, any foreign business in Taiwan would be wise to watch the political relationship between mainland China and Taiwan very closely. Taiwan has been slowly moving towards closer ties with China which would allow China to â€Å"assert increasing influence over Taiwan. As a consensus emerges in Taiwan on establishing closer relations with China, the thaw [of political tensions] is calling into question the United States’ deeply ambiguous policy, which is supposed to serve both Taiwan’s interests (by allowing it to retain its autonomy) and the United States’ own (by guarding against an expansionist China)† (Gilley, 2010). Should China be allowed to exert control over Taiwan’s economy and political environment it could drastically change the way foreign businesses are allowed to operate in Taiwan. The effects of national healthcare on business. While healthcare is not a major cultural issue, it is useful to note that Taiwan currently has nationalized healthcare, offering inexpensive healthcare to all their citizens. While some in Taiwan oppose this system of healthcare because it can be easily abused, national healthcare would affect businesses by lowering their employee coverage costs. Conclusion With favorable ties to the United States and growing acceptance of the Western world, Taiwan is a promising opportunity for businesses from the United States. With careful research and consideration of the culture, Taiwan could be a very profitable venture. American companies in Taiwan should be careful not to ignore the strong cultural elements in Taiwan, such as religion, family, and communication differences. However, because of Taiwan’s willingness and eagerness to work with foreign business and to expand its global presence, it is very open to foreign commerce. Taiwan’s rapid growth and solid economy can be a very useful tool in the future as they seek to gain wider global acceptance. Taiwan’s favorable economic situation provides the ideal environment for businesses from the United States. American businesses can take advantage of the available workforce and welcoming culture found in Taiwan. Ultimately, Taiwan is a culture that is based in tradition, yet still open to new ideas and influences. The people are friendly and accepting of foreigners into their culture. They are eager to share their culture with others. On the business side of things, Taiwanese companies work together with many American corporations and the both the culture and regulations in Taiwan in favorable to incoming businesses. Even though Taiwan has faced many challenges in the past and will continue to face those challenges in the future, mainly the task of reaching satisfactory and beneficial foreign relationships with China, Taiwan has remained strong and continued to grow. Taiwan is certain to have a bright future in the world arena. References Bishop, J. A. , Grodner, A. , Liu, H. ; Chiou, J. (2007). Gender earnings differentials in Taiwan: A stochastic frontier approach. Journal Of Asian Economics,  18(6), 934-945. Chou, T. , ; Chen, M. (2005). An exploratory investigation of differences in personality traits and faith maturity among major religions in Taiwan. Chinese Journal of Psychology,  47(4), 311-327. Datamonitor: Taiwan. (2010). Taiwan Country Profile, 1-76. Deaton, A. , ; Paxson, C. (2000). Growth, demogra phic structure, and national saving in Taiwan. Population and Development Review,  26, 141-173. Erling, H. 2002). Buddha business. Far Eastern Economic Review,165(35), 54. Gilley, B. (2010). Not so dire straits. Foreign Affairs,  89(1), 44-60. Hall, E. T. (2000). Context and meaning. In L. A. Samovar ; R. E. Porter (Eds. ). Intercultural communication: A reader (9th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Farazmand, F. A. , Tu, Y. , ; Daneefard, H. (2011). Is religious culture a factor in negotiation: a cross-cultural comparison of Iran, Taiwan and the United States. Journal Of International Business Research,  10(1), 27-44. Friedberg, A. (2005). The future of U. S. -China relations: Is conflict inevitable? †Ã‚  International Security  30(2), 7-45 Ip, P. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and crony capitalism in taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics,  77(1-2), 167-177. Jung-Tsung, T. (2010). Cross-cultural comparisons between Taiwan and America. Interdisciplin ary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business,  2(4), 116-129. Kai-Wen, C. (2009). A study of stress sources among college students in Taiwan. Journal Of Academic Business Ethics,21-8. Kuo-Ying, H. , Mujtaba, B. G. (2010). Stress, task, and relationship orientations of Taiwanese adults: an examination of gender in this high-context culture. Journal Of International Business Cultural Studies,  31-13. Liu, J. (2012). Does cram schooling matter? Who goes to cram schools? Evidence from Taiwan. International Journal Of Educational Development,  32(1), 46-52. Lin, L. , Ho, Y. (2009). Confucian dynamism, culture and ethical changes in Chinese societies – a comparative study of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. International Journal Of Human Resource Management,  20(11), 2402-2417. Muk, A. 2007). Cultural influences on adoption of SMS advertising: A study of American and Taiwanese consumers. Journal Of Targeting, Measurement Analysis For Marketing,  16(1), 39-47. Newell, W. H. (1976). Ancestors. Chicago, IL: Aldine Publishing Company. Ruiping, F. (2006). Confucian Filial Piety and Long Term Care for Aged Parents. HEC Forum,  18(1), 1-17. Satterlee, B. (2009). 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The Absenteeism and Its Statistical Significance free essay sample

The below information contains the factors that influences absenteeism in the workplace that we are dealing with in this practical. The regression standard format that we will also provide with these factors helps us to understand technically these factors and to make a clear meaning of these factors economically. The randomly selected sample of 100 (one hundred) companies are going to help us to save time and money to actually use it as an estimate for the entire companies (population). This is the estimate of a regression model to examine the factors that influence employee absenteeism. Towards the end of this report we shall see the effectiveness of this regression standard format. This standard format will work more effectively on the interpretation of the regression analysis. For now we are going to concentrate on Descriptive statistics. We firstly start with the interpretation of our scatterplots that we have generated from the observation of the factors of absenteeism. We will write a custom essay sample on The Absenteeism and Its Statistical Significance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For a good and clear interpretation these scatterplots we shall include them in the appendix. However, we will briefly interpret their meaning in the body of this report. Literature review on the economics of absenteeism There are a lot of factors that influence absenteeism in the workplace, could it be the treatment they get from their bosses, the wages they get paid and the general atmosphere at work. In this report based on the practical that we have done we will show some of the factors that contribute to absenteeism in the workplace. Amongst many things that could make people be absent from their works the wages and treatment in the workplace are the leading factors. When employees are paid higher they actually act in two different ways. It depends on how they are attached/love or how demanding their work is and sometimes the unions protection to employees is the other factor that contributes to the actions that employees take when paid higher. So other employees demand more working hours because an increased payment is an incentive to work harder to earn even more than they are currently. To those people who act in that manner they treat leisure as an inferior good. If leisure is an inferior good, employees consumes less of it as wages increase. The substitution and an income effect move to the same direction. As a result, if leisure is an inferior good, a wage increase unambiguously causes the hours worked to rise. This then leads to less or decreased absenteeism in the workplace. However, if leisure is a normal good, when wages rises or when unions install more of the regulations to protect employees, employees consume more leisure. The substitution and income effect work towards the opposite directions. So as wages rises, less hours are worked and more leisure is consumed and therefore the labour supply curve is backward bending. This then mean that more employees becomes absent at work. So when there is an increased volume of absenteeism in the workplace the outputs produces decreases and the economy contract. Absenteeism is also seasonal as well. During the times of Christmas on December the companies loses millions of rands through absenteeism because people are going away to holidays then when there are few workers, the outputs produced is also decreased. A study from the Confederation of British Industry (CBI) reckons that absence from work, for whatever reason, cost firms and public bodies ? 11 billion last year. So as entertaining as it is to those who do it, it is no joke to profit making companies and it cost them fortunes. The higher the absenteeism for whatever reason, the lower the output and the lower the profit. This could be even dangerous to employees as well because when the profit is contracting they might be retrenched from work. Descriptive Statistics Analysis The separate XY scatterplots, in the Appendix, show that the relationship between Y and all the Xs is consistent with economic theory although all the relationships appear to have very weak linear relationships. The average employee wage (X2) as well as the percentage of part time employees in a company (X3) shows weak negative non- linear relationship, and the percentage of unionized employees in a company (X4) shows a weak positive linear relationship. As the average employee wages (X2) increase the incentive to work harder decreases. Employees earning lower wages tend to take fewer absent days and work harder than those earning higher wages. As the percentage of part time employees (X3) increase in can be seen, in the scatterplot, that the average number of days absent per employee (Y) decreases. Part time workers have more of an incentive to work harder than full time employees, therefore it is expected that average number of days absent per employee (Y) should decrease as the percentage of part time employees increases. As the percentage of unionized employees in a company (X4) increases it can be seen, from the scatterplot, which the average number of sick days per employee increases as well. Unionized employees tend to strike more than those not in a union, therefore it is to be expected that as the percentage of unionized workers increase the average number of days absent per employee increases as well. Frequency Table The matrix does not show any possible signs of multi-colinearity meaning there is no high correlation between two independent variables. There is however a positive relationship between the percentage of part time employees and percentage of unionised workers in a company but it is very weak. Elasticity The elasticity which is in the Appendix shows the number of days absenteeism per employee is both income and cross price inelastic. Or holding other things constant, as the number of days absent increases by 1 percentage point, on the average, the part time employees’ decreases by 11 percentage points. Therefore there’s a negative relationship between the average number of days absent per employee and the part time employees in a company A positive relationship prevails between unionized employees in a company and the average number of days absent per employee. Holding all other things constant, as the number of days absent per employee increases by 1Â  percentage point, on the average, the percentage of unionized employees’ increases by 6 percentage points. 0. 05985 (X4) measures the percentage of unionized workers in the company. So what this figure means is that the percentage of absenteeism for unionized employees increases by 0. 05982. D5 If there is shift work available in a company then we can say that the average number of days absent per employee will increase by (10. 265+1. 562) = 11. 827 units but if there is no shift available in a company then the average number of days absent per employee will increase by 10.26 units only because 1. 562 would be multiplied by (0), holding all other things constant. If union management relationship is good then the average number of days absent per employee will decrease by 7. 62 units but if the union management relationship is not good then the average number of days absent per employee increases by 10. 26 units because 2. 6366 is multiplied by (0), holding all other things constant. All the coefficients are statistically significant or they are different from each other as shown it the table at the ANOVA Excel output in the appendix. The p values in summary shows this below. p = (0. 000)* (0. 000)* (0. 000)* (0. 000)* (0. 002)* (0. 000)* *p value below or statistically significant at the 5% level **p value greater than or statistically insignificant at the 5% level, not applicable in this report As indicated above that a single stared p value (*p) means that the coefficients are statistically significant and those which are double starred (**p) are statistically insignificant. To measure significance in this report we have used ? = 0. 05 or 5%. We are not interested in other percentages except that of ? None of the coefficients are statistically insignificant as can be shown with the key above and the ANOVA Excel output in the appendix. The following are the actual values of p from ANOVA Excel output uncut. p = (8. 11681E-14) (1. 43035E-07) (0. 000471097) (5. 38289E-06) (0. 002496639) (5. 9905E-07) These are very small values even the one for D5 is still less than ? = 0. 05 or 5% as ? 0. 24% At ? = 0. 05 or 5% F stat is also significant as its F = 21. 40086746 and Significant F is 3. 08395E-14 of which is a very small number 0. 00000000000003. This value is provided The R2 = 0. 5323484, that is the percentage of the total variation in the dependent variable Y explained by four explanatory variables X2, X3, X4 and dummy variables D5 and D6. The result of R2 is nowhere closer to 1 which indicates the poor fit of the fitted sample regression. Adjusted R2 = 0. 507473315 which came about 1 – (1 0. 5323484)*(99/94) this amount is lower than the original R2 as is always is. This is as a result of the added explanatory terms, but it is increasing if the absolute t value added is greater than 1 so is R2 but stay lower than R2. This is the measure of the goodness of fit that is adjusted for (i. e. takes into account explicitly) the number the number of explanatory variables both qualitative and quantitative in the model. Collectively all the variables in the model are statistically significant since the p value of the computed F value of 21. 40 is extremely low. The null hypothesis for Ho: Bi= 0 and for i= 2,3,4, for a two tailed test, we can reject the null hypothesis since the p values of all the variables are less than 5%. Each individual variable has an extremely low p value.